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Eltham Palace
Eltham Palace is a large house in Eltham, within the Royal Borough of Greenwich, South East London, England. It is an unoccupied royal residence and owned by the Crown Estate. In 1995 its management was handed over to English Heritage which restored the building in 1999 and opened it to the public.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/FormerRoyalResidences/Historicresidences.aspx )〕 It has been said the internally Art Deco house is a "masterpiece of modern design".〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.londontown.com/LondonInformation/Attraction/Eltham_Palace/c532/ )〕
==History (1300-1900)==
The original palace was given to Edward II in 1305 by the Bishop of Durham, Anthony Bek, and used as a royal residence from the 14th to the 16th century. According to one account the incident which inspired Edward III's foundation of the Order of the Garter took place here. As the favourite palace of Henry IV it played host to Manuel II Palaiologos, the only Byzantine emperor ever to visit England, from December 1400 to January 1401, with a joust being given in his honour. There is still a jousting tilt yard. Edward IV built the Great Hall in the 1470s, a young Henry VIII back when he was known as Prince Henry also grew up here; it was here in 1499 that he met and impressed the scholar Erasmus, introduced by Thomas More. Erasmus described the occasion:〔''Collected Works of Erasmus'', Toronto University Press, volume 9, letter 1341A. The reference can be found also in R. W. Chambers, ''Thomas More'', 1935, edn 1976, p. 70; E. E. Reynolds, ''Thomas More & Erasmus'', 1965, p. 25, and ''The Field is Won, The Life and Death of St Thomas More'', 1968, p. 35.〕
Tudor courts often used the palace for their Christmas celebrations. With the grand rebuilding of Greenwich Palace, which was more easily reached by river,〔"Through the benefite of the river, a seate of more commoditie", observed Lambarde, in his ''Perambulation of Kent'' 1573, noted by Walter Thornbury and Edward Walford, ''Old and New London: A Narrative of Its History, Its People and Its Places'' 1893:238.〕 Eltham was less frequented, save for the hunting in its enclosed parks, easily reached from Greenwich, "as well enjoyed, the Court lying at Greenwiche, as if it were at this house it self". The deer remained plentiful in the Great Park, of , the Little, or Middle Park, of , and the Home Park, or Lee Park, of .〔Thornbury and Walford 1893:239.〕 In the 1630s, by which time the palace was no longer used by the royal family, Sir Anthony van Dyck was given the use of a suite of rooms as a country retreat. During the English Civil War, the parks were denuded of trees and deer. John Evelyn saw it 22 April 1656: "Went to see his Majesty's house at Eltham; both the palace and chapel in miserable ruins, the noble wood and park destroyed by Rich the rebel". The palace never recovered. Eltham was bestowed by Charles II on John Shaw and in its ruinous condition— reduced to Edward IV's Great Hall, the former buttery, called "Court House", a bridge across the moat and some walling—remained with Shaw's descendants as late as 1893.〔
The current house was built in the 1930s on the site of the original, and incorporates its Great Hall, which boasts the third-largest hammerbeam roof in England. Fragments of the walls of other buildings remain visible around the gardens, and the 15th-century bridge still crosses the moat.
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